SB 11.19.28-32: Difference between revisions
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[[Category:Srimad-Bhagavatam - Canto 11 Chapter 19]] | |||
[[Category:Bhagavatam Verses Spoken by Uddhava - Vanisource|111928]] | |||
<div style="float:left">'''[[Srimad-Bhagavatam]] - [[SB 11|Eleventh Canto]] - [[SB 11.19: The Perfection of Spiritual Knowledge|Chapter 19: The Perfection of Spiritual Knowledge]]'''</div> | |||
<div style="float:right">[[File:Go-previous.png|link=SB 11.19.27]] '''[[SB 11.19.27]] - [[SB 11.19.33-35]]''' [[File:Go-next.png|link=SB 11.19.33-35]]</div> | |||
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==== TEXTS 28-32 ==== | ==== TEXTS 28-32 ==== | ||
<div | <div class="verse"> | ||
śrī-uddhava uvāca | :śrī-uddhava uvāca | ||
yamaḥ kati-vidhaḥ prokto | :yamaḥ kati-vidhaḥ prokto | ||
niyamo vāri-karṣaṇa | :niyamo vāri-karṣaṇa | ||
kaḥ śamaḥ ko damaḥ kṛṣṇa | :kaḥ śamaḥ ko damaḥ kṛṣṇa | ||
kā titikṣā dhṛtiḥ prabho | :kā titikṣā dhṛtiḥ prabho | ||
kiṁ dānaṁ kiṁ tapaḥ śauryaṁ | |||
kim satyam ṛtam ucyate | :kiṁ dānaṁ kiṁ tapaḥ śauryaṁ | ||
kas tyāgaḥ kiṁ dhanaṁ ceṣṭaṁ | :kim satyam ṛtam ucyate | ||
ko yajñaḥ kā ca dakṣiṇā | :kas tyāgaḥ kiṁ dhanaṁ ceṣṭaṁ | ||
puṁsaḥ kiṁ svid balaṁ śrīman | :ko yajñaḥ kā ca dakṣiṇā | ||
bhago lābhaś ca keśava | |||
kā vidyā hrīḥ parā kā śrīḥ | :puṁsaḥ kiṁ svid balaṁ śrīman | ||
kiṁ sukhaṁ duḥkham eva ca | :bhago lābhaś ca keśava | ||
kaḥ paṇḍitaḥ kaś ca mūrkhaḥ | :kā vidyā hrīḥ parā kā śrīḥ | ||
kaḥ panthā utpathaś ca kaḥ | :kiṁ sukhaṁ duḥkham eva ca | ||
kaḥ svargo narakaḥ kaḥ svit | |||
ko bandhur uta kiṁ gṛham | :kaḥ paṇḍitaḥ kaś ca mūrkhaḥ | ||
ka āḍhyaḥ ko daridro vā | :kaḥ panthā utpathaś ca kaḥ | ||
kṛpaṇaḥ kaḥ ka īśvaraḥ | :kaḥ svargo narakaḥ kaḥ svit | ||
etān praśnān mama brūhi | :ko bandhur uta kiṁ gṛham | ||
viparītāṁś ca sat-pate | |||
:ka āḍhyaḥ ko daridro vā | |||
:kṛpaṇaḥ kaḥ ka īśvaraḥ | |||
:etān praśnān mama brūhi | |||
:viparītāṁś ca sat-pate | |||
</div> | </div> | ||
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==== SYNONYMS ==== | ==== SYNONYMS ==== | ||
<div | <div class="synonyms"> | ||
śrī-uddhavaḥ | ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=śrī&tab=syno_o&ds=1 śrī]-[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=uddhavaḥ&tab=syno_o&ds=1 uddhavaḥ] [//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=uvāca&tab=syno_o&ds=1 uvāca]'' — Śrī Uddhava said; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=yamaḥ&tab=syno_o&ds=1 yamaḥ]'' — disciplinary regulations; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=kati&tab=syno_o&ds=1 kati]-[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=vidhaḥ&tab=syno_o&ds=1 vidhaḥ]'' — how many different types; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=proktaḥ&tab=syno_o&ds=1 proktaḥ]'' — are declared to exist; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=niyamaḥ&tab=syno_o&ds=1 niyamaḥ]'' — regular daily duties; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=vā&tab=syno_o&ds=1 vā]'' — or; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=ari&tab=syno_o&ds=1 ari]-[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=karṣaṇa&tab=syno_o&ds=1 karṣaṇa]'' — O Kṛṣṇa, subduer of the enemy; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=kaḥ&tab=syno_o&ds=1 kaḥ]'' — what is; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=śamaḥ&tab=syno_o&ds=1 śamaḥ]'' — mental equilibrium; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=kaḥ&tab=syno_o&ds=1 kaḥ]'' — what is; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=damaḥ&tab=syno_o&ds=1 damaḥ]'' — self-control; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=kṛṣṇa&tab=syno_o&ds=1 kṛṣṇa]'' — my dear Kṛṣṇa; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=kā&tab=syno_o&ds=1 kā]'' — what is; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=titikṣā&tab=syno_o&ds=1 titikṣā]'' — tolerance; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=dhṛtiḥ&tab=syno_o&ds=1 dhṛtiḥ]'' — steadfastness; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=prabho&tab=syno_o&ds=1 prabho]'' — my Lord; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=kim&tab=syno_o&ds=1 kim]'' — what is; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=dānam&tab=syno_o&ds=1 dānam]'' — charity; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=kim&tab=syno_o&ds=1 kim]'' — what is; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=tapaḥ&tab=syno_o&ds=1 tapaḥ]'' — austerity; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=śauryam&tab=syno_o&ds=1 śauryam]'' — heroism; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=kim&tab=syno_o&ds=1 kim]'' — what is; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=satyam&tab=syno_o&ds=1 satyam]'' — reality; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=ṛtam&tab=syno_o&ds=1 ṛtam]'' — truth; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=ucyate&tab=syno_o&ds=1 ucyate]'' — is said; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=kaḥ&tab=syno_o&ds=1 kaḥ]'' — what is; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=tyāgaḥ&tab=syno_o&ds=1 tyāgaḥ]'' — renunciation; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=kim&tab=syno_o&ds=1 kim]'' — what is; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=dhanam&tab=syno_o&ds=1 dhanam]'' — wealth; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=ca&tab=syno_o&ds=1 ca]'' — also; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=iṣṭam&tab=syno_o&ds=1 iṣṭam]'' — desirable; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=kaḥ&tab=syno_o&ds=1 kaḥ]'' — what is; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=yajñaḥ&tab=syno_o&ds=1 yajñaḥ]'' — sacrifice; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=kā&tab=syno_o&ds=1 kā]'' — what is; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=ca&tab=syno_o&ds=1 ca]'' — also; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=dakṣiṇā&tab=syno_o&ds=1 dakṣiṇā]'' — religious remuneration; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=puṁsaḥ&tab=syno_o&ds=1 puṁsaḥ]'' — of a person; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=kim&tab=syno_o&ds=1 kim]'' — what is; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=svit&tab=syno_o&ds=1 svit]'' — indeed; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=balam&tab=syno_o&ds=1 balam]'' — strength; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=śrī&tab=syno_o&ds=1 śrī]-[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=man&tab=syno_o&ds=1 man]'' — O most fortunate Kṛṣṇa; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=bhagaḥ&tab=syno_o&ds=1 bhagaḥ]'' — opulence; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=lābhaḥ&tab=syno_o&ds=1 lābhaḥ]'' — profit; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=ca&tab=syno_o&ds=1 ca]'' — also; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=keśava&tab=syno_o&ds=1 keśava]'' — my dear Keśava; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=kā&tab=syno_o&ds=1 kā]'' — what is; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=vidyā&tab=syno_o&ds=1 vidyā]'' — education; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=hrīḥ&tab=syno_o&ds=1 hrīḥ]'' — humility; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=parā&tab=syno_o&ds=1 parā]'' — supreme; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=kā&tab=syno_o&ds=1 kā]'' — what is; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=śrīḥ&tab=syno_o&ds=1 śrīḥ]'' — beauty; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=kim&tab=syno_o&ds=1 kim]'' — what is; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=sukham&tab=syno_o&ds=1 sukham]'' — happiness; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=duḥkham&tab=syno_o&ds=1 duḥkham]'' — unhappiness; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=eva&tab=syno_o&ds=1 eva]'' — indeed; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=ca&tab=syno_o&ds=1 ca]'' — also; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=kaḥ&tab=syno_o&ds=1 kaḥ]'' — who is; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=paṇḍitaḥ&tab=syno_o&ds=1 paṇḍitaḥ]'' — learned; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=kaḥ&tab=syno_o&ds=1 kaḥ]'' — who is; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=ca&tab=syno_o&ds=1 ca]'' — also; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=mūrkhaḥ&tab=syno_o&ds=1 mūrkhaḥ]'' — a fool; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=kaḥ&tab=syno_o&ds=1 kaḥ]'' — what is; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=panthāḥ&tab=syno_o&ds=1 panthāḥ]'' — the real path; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=utpathaḥ&tab=syno_o&ds=1 utpathaḥ]'' — the false path; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=ca&tab=syno_o&ds=1 ca]'' — also; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=kaḥ&tab=syno_o&ds=1 kaḥ]'' — what is; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=kaḥ&tab=syno_o&ds=1 kaḥ]'' — what is; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=svargaḥ&tab=syno_o&ds=1 svargaḥ]'' — heaven; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=narakaḥ&tab=syno_o&ds=1 narakaḥ]'' — hell; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=kaḥ&tab=syno_o&ds=1 kaḥ]'' — what is; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=svit&tab=syno_o&ds=1 svit]'' — indeed; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=kaḥ&tab=syno_o&ds=1 kaḥ]'' — who is; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=bandhuḥ&tab=syno_o&ds=1 bandhuḥ]'' — a friend; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=uta&tab=syno_o&ds=1 uta]'' — and; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=kim&tab=syno_o&ds=1 kim]'' — what is; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=gṛham&tab=syno_o&ds=1 gṛham]'' — home; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=kaḥ&tab=syno_o&ds=1 kaḥ]'' — who is; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=āḍhyaḥ&tab=syno_o&ds=1 āḍhyaḥ]'' — wealthy; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=kaḥ&tab=syno_o&ds=1 kaḥ]'' — who is; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=daridraḥ&tab=syno_o&ds=1 daridraḥ]'' — poor; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=vā&tab=syno_o&ds=1 vā]'' — or; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=kṛpaṇaḥ&tab=syno_o&ds=1 kṛpaṇaḥ]'' — a miser; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=kaḥ&tab=syno_o&ds=1 kaḥ]'' — who is; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=kaḥ&tab=syno_o&ds=1 kaḥ]'' — who is; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=īśvaraḥ&tab=syno_o&ds=1 īśvaraḥ]'' — a controller; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=etān&tab=syno_o&ds=1 etān]'' — these; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=praśnān&tab=syno_o&ds=1 praśnān]'' — subject matters of inquiry; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=mama&tab=syno_o&ds=1 mama]'' — to me; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=brūhi&tab=syno_o&ds=1 brūhi]'' — please speak; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=viparītān&tab=syno_o&ds=1 viparītān]'' — the opposite qualities; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=ca&tab=syno_o&ds=1 ca]'' — also; ''[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=sat&tab=syno_o&ds=1 sat]-[//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=pate&tab=syno_o&ds=1 pate]'' — O Lord of the devotees. | ||
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==== TRANSLATION ==== | ==== TRANSLATION ==== | ||
<div | <div class="translation"> | ||
Śrī Uddhava said: My dear Lord Kṛṣṇa, O chastiser of the enemies, please tell me how many types of disciplinary regulations and regular daily duties there are. Also, my Lord, tell me what is mental equilibrium, what is self-control, and what is the actual meaning of tolerance and steadfastness. What are charity, austerity and heroism, and how are reality and truth to he described? What is renunciation, and what is wealth? What is desirable, what is sacrifice, and what is religious remuneration? My dear Keśava, O most fortunate one, how am I to understand the strength, opulence and profit of a particular person? What is the best education, what is actual humility, and what is real beauty? What are happiness and unhappiness? Who is learned, and who is a fool? What are the true and the false paths in life, and what are heaven and hell? Who is indeed a true friend, and what is one's real home? Who is a rich man, and who is a poor man? Who is wretched, and who is an actual controller? O Lord of the devotees, kindly explain these matters to me, along with their opposites. | Śrī Uddhava said: My dear Lord Kṛṣṇa, O chastiser of the enemies, please tell me how many types of disciplinary regulations and regular daily duties there are. Also, my Lord, tell me what is mental equilibrium, what is self-control, and what is the actual meaning of tolerance and steadfastness. What are charity, austerity and heroism, and how are reality and truth to he described? What is renunciation, and what is wealth? What is desirable, what is sacrifice, and what is religious remuneration? My dear Keśava, O most fortunate one, how am I to understand the strength, opulence and profit of a particular person? What is the best education, what is actual humility, and what is real beauty? What are happiness and unhappiness? Who is learned, and who is a fool? What are the true and the false paths in life, and what are heaven and hell? Who is indeed a true friend, and what is one's real home? Who is a rich man, and who is a poor man? Who is wretched, and who is an actual controller? O Lord of the devotees, kindly explain these matters to me, along with their opposites. | ||
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==== PURPORT ==== | ==== PURPORT ==== | ||
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All of the items mentioned in these five verses are defined in different ways by different cultures and societies throughout the world. Therefore, Śrī Uddhava is directly approaching the supreme authority, Lord Kṛṣṇa, to obtain the standard definition for these universal aspects of civilized life. | All of the items mentioned in these five verses are defined in different ways by different cultures and societies throughout the world. Therefore, Śrī Uddhava is directly approaching the supreme authority, Lord Kṛṣṇa, to obtain the standard definition for these universal aspects of civilized life. | ||
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<div style="float:right">[[File:Go-previous.png|link=SB 11.19.27]] '''[[SB 11.19.27]] - [[SB 11.19.33-35]]''' [[File:Go-next.png|link=SB 11.19.33-35]]</div> | |||
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Latest revision as of 20:28, 17 February 2024
His Divine Grace
A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada
A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada
Please note: The synonyms, translation and purport of this verse were composed by disciples of Śrīla Prabhupāda
TEXTS 28-32
- śrī-uddhava uvāca
- yamaḥ kati-vidhaḥ prokto
- niyamo vāri-karṣaṇa
- kaḥ śamaḥ ko damaḥ kṛṣṇa
- kā titikṣā dhṛtiḥ prabho
- kiṁ dānaṁ kiṁ tapaḥ śauryaṁ
- kim satyam ṛtam ucyate
- kas tyāgaḥ kiṁ dhanaṁ ceṣṭaṁ
- ko yajñaḥ kā ca dakṣiṇā
- puṁsaḥ kiṁ svid balaṁ śrīman
- bhago lābhaś ca keśava
- kā vidyā hrīḥ parā kā śrīḥ
- kiṁ sukhaṁ duḥkham eva ca
- kaḥ paṇḍitaḥ kaś ca mūrkhaḥ
- kaḥ panthā utpathaś ca kaḥ
- kaḥ svargo narakaḥ kaḥ svit
- ko bandhur uta kiṁ gṛham
- ka āḍhyaḥ ko daridro vā
- kṛpaṇaḥ kaḥ ka īśvaraḥ
- etān praśnān mama brūhi
- viparītāṁś ca sat-pate
SYNONYMS
śrī-uddhavaḥ uvāca — Śrī Uddhava said; yamaḥ — disciplinary regulations; kati-vidhaḥ — how many different types; proktaḥ — are declared to exist; niyamaḥ — regular daily duties; vā — or; ari-karṣaṇa — O Kṛṣṇa, subduer of the enemy; kaḥ — what is; śamaḥ — mental equilibrium; kaḥ — what is; damaḥ — self-control; kṛṣṇa — my dear Kṛṣṇa; kā — what is; titikṣā — tolerance; dhṛtiḥ — steadfastness; prabho — my Lord; kim — what is; dānam — charity; kim — what is; tapaḥ — austerity; śauryam — heroism; kim — what is; satyam — reality; ṛtam — truth; ucyate — is said; kaḥ — what is; tyāgaḥ — renunciation; kim — what is; dhanam — wealth; ca — also; iṣṭam — desirable; kaḥ — what is; yajñaḥ — sacrifice; kā — what is; ca — also; dakṣiṇā — religious remuneration; puṁsaḥ — of a person; kim — what is; svit — indeed; balam — strength; śrī-man — O most fortunate Kṛṣṇa; bhagaḥ — opulence; lābhaḥ — profit; ca — also; keśava — my dear Keśava; kā — what is; vidyā — education; hrīḥ — humility; parā — supreme; kā — what is; śrīḥ — beauty; kim — what is; sukham — happiness; duḥkham — unhappiness; eva — indeed; ca — also; kaḥ — who is; paṇḍitaḥ — learned; kaḥ — who is; ca — also; mūrkhaḥ — a fool; kaḥ — what is; panthāḥ — the real path; utpathaḥ — the false path; ca — also; kaḥ — what is; kaḥ — what is; svargaḥ — heaven; narakaḥ — hell; kaḥ — what is; svit — indeed; kaḥ — who is; bandhuḥ — a friend; uta — and; kim — what is; gṛham — home; kaḥ — who is; āḍhyaḥ — wealthy; kaḥ — who is; daridraḥ — poor; vā — or; kṛpaṇaḥ — a miser; kaḥ — who is; kaḥ — who is; īśvaraḥ — a controller; etān — these; praśnān — subject matters of inquiry; mama — to me; brūhi — please speak; viparītān — the opposite qualities; ca — also; sat-pate — O Lord of the devotees.
Translation and purport composed by disciples of Śrīla Prabhupāda
TRANSLATION
Śrī Uddhava said: My dear Lord Kṛṣṇa, O chastiser of the enemies, please tell me how many types of disciplinary regulations and regular daily duties there are. Also, my Lord, tell me what is mental equilibrium, what is self-control, and what is the actual meaning of tolerance and steadfastness. What are charity, austerity and heroism, and how are reality and truth to he described? What is renunciation, and what is wealth? What is desirable, what is sacrifice, and what is religious remuneration? My dear Keśava, O most fortunate one, how am I to understand the strength, opulence and profit of a particular person? What is the best education, what is actual humility, and what is real beauty? What are happiness and unhappiness? Who is learned, and who is a fool? What are the true and the false paths in life, and what are heaven and hell? Who is indeed a true friend, and what is one's real home? Who is a rich man, and who is a poor man? Who is wretched, and who is an actual controller? O Lord of the devotees, kindly explain these matters to me, along with their opposites.
PURPORT
All of the items mentioned in these five verses are defined in different ways by different cultures and societies throughout the world. Therefore, Śrī Uddhava is directly approaching the supreme authority, Lord Kṛṣṇa, to obtain the standard definition for these universal aspects of civilized life.