 #div class="mw-parser-output"#
#h4##span class="mw-headline" id="TEXT_54"#TEXT 54#/span##/h4#
#div class="devanagari"#
#dl##dd#भक्त्या त्वनन्यया शक्य अहमेवंविधोऽर्जुन ।#/dd#
#dd#ज्ञातुं द्रष्टुं च तत्त्वेन प्रवेष्टुं च परन्तप ॥५४॥#/dd##/dl#
#/div#
#div class="verse"#
#dl##dd#bhaktyā tv ananyayā śakya#/dd#
#dd#aham evaṁ-vidho 'rjuna#/dd#
#dd#jñātuṁ draṣṭuṁ ca tattvena#/dd#
#dd#praveṣṭuṁ ca parantapa#/dd##/dl#
#/div#
#h4##span class="mw-headline" id="SYNONYMS"#SYNONYMS#/span##/h4#
#div class="synonyms"#
#p##i#bhaktyā#/i#—by devotional service; #i#tu#/i#—but; #i#ananyayā#/i#—without being mixed with fruitive activities or speculative knowledge; #i#śakyaḥ#/i#—possible; #i#aham#/i#—I; #i#evam-vidhaḥ#/i#—like this; #i#arjuna#/i#—O Arjuna; #i#jñātum#/i#—to know; #i#draṣṭum#/i#—to see; #i#tattvena#/i#—in fact; #i#praveṣṭum#/i#—and to enter into; #i#ca#/i#—also; #i#parantapa#/i#—O mighty-armed one.
#/p#
#/div#
#h4##span class="mw-headline" id="TRANSLATION"#TRANSLATION#/span##/h4#
#div class="translation"#
#p#My dear Arjuna, only by undivided devotional service can I be understood as I am, standing before you, and can thus be seen directly. Only in this way can you enter into the mysteries of My understanding.
#/p#
#/div#
#h4##span class="mw-headline" id="PURPORT"#PURPORT#/span##/h4#
#div class="purport"#
#p#Kṛṣṇa can be understood only by the process of undivided devotional service. He explicitly explains this in this verse so unauthorized commentators, who try to understand #i#Bhagavad-gītā#/i# by the speculative process, will know that they are simply wasting their time. No one can understand Kṛṣṇa or how He came from parents in a four-handed form and at once changed Himself into a two-handed form. It is clearly stated here that no one can see Him. Those who, however, are very experienced students of Vedic literature can learn about Him from the Vedic literature in so many ways. There are so many rules and regulations, and if one at all wants to understand Kṛṣṇa, he must follow the regulative principles described in the authoritative literature. One can perform penance in accordance with those principles. As far as charity is concerned, it is plain that charity should be given to the devotees of Kṛṣṇa who are engaged in His devotional service to spread the Kṛṣṇa philosophy or Kṛṣṇa consciousness throughout the world. Kṛṣṇa consciousness is a benediction to humanity. Lord Caitanya was appreciated by Rūpa Gosvāmī as the most munificent man of charity because love of Kṛṣṇa, which is very difficult to achieve, was distributed freely by Him. And if one worships as prescribed in the temple (in the temples in India there is always some statue, usually of Viṣṇu or Kṛṣṇa), that is a chance to progress. For the beginners in devotional service to the Lord, temple worship is very essential, and this is confirmed in the Vedic literature.
#$p#One who has unflinching devotion for the Supreme Lord and is directed by the spiritual master can see the Supreme Personality of Godhead by revelation. For one who does not take personal training under the guidance of a bona fide spiritual master, it is impossible to even begin to understand Kṛṣṇa. The word #i#tu#/i# is specifically used here to indicate that no other process can be used, can be recommended, or can be successful in understanding Kṛṣṇa.
#$p#The personal forms of Kṛṣṇa, the two-handed form and the four-handed, are completely different from the temporary universal form shown to Arjuna. The four-handed form is Nārāyaṇa, and the two-handed form is Kṛṣṇa; they are eternal and transcendental, whereas the universal form exhibited to Arjuna is temporary. The very word #i#sudurdarśam#/i#, meaning difficult to see, suggests that no one saw that universal form. It also suggests that amongst the devotees there was no necessity of showing it. That form was exhibited by Kṛṣṇa at the request of Arjuna because in the future, when one represents himself as an incarnation of God, people can ask to see his universal form.
#$p#Kṛṣṇa changes from the universal form to the four-handed form of Nārāyaṇa and then to His own natural form of two hands. This indicates that the four-handed forms and other forms mentioned in Vedic literature are all emanations of the original two-handed Kṛṣṇa. He is the origin of all emanations. Kṛṣṇa is distinct even from these forms, not to speak of the impersonal conception. As far as the four-handed forms of Kṛṣṇa are concerned, it is stated clearly that even the most identical four-handed form of Kṛṣṇa (which is known as Mahā-Viṣṇu, who is lying on the cosmic ocean and from whose breathing so many innumerable universes are passing out and entering) is also an expansion of the Supreme Lord. Therefore one should conclusively worship the personal form of Kṛṣṇa as the Supreme Personality of Godhead who is eternity, bliss and knowledge. He is the source of all forms of Viṣṇu, He is the source of all forms of incarnation, and He is the original Supreme Personality, as confirmed in #i#Bhagavad-gītā#/i#.
#$p#In the Vedic literature it is stated that the Supreme Absolute Truth is a person. His name is Kṛṣṇa, and He sometimes descends on this earth. Similarly, in #i#Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam#/i# there is a description of all kinds of incarnations of the Supreme Personality of Godhead, and there it is said that Kṛṣṇa is not an incarnation of God but is the original Supreme Personality of Godhead Himself. #i#Kṛṣṇas tu bhagavān svayam#/i#. Similarly, in #i#Bhagavad-gītā#/i# the Lord says, #i#mattaḥ parataram nānyāt:#/i# "There is nothing superior to My form as the Personality of Godhead Kṛṣṇa." He also says elsewhere in #i#Bhagavad-gītā, aham ādir hi devānām:#/i# "I am the origin of all the demigods." And after understanding #i#Bhagavad-gītā#/i# from Kṛṣṇa, Arjuna also confirms this in the following words: #i#paraṁ brahma paraṁ dhāma pavitraṁ paramaṁ bhavān:#/i# "I now fully understand that You are the Supreme Personality of Godhead, the Absolute Truth, and that You are the refuge of everything." Therefore the universal form which Kṛṣṇa showed to Arjuna is not the original form of God. The original is the Kṛṣṇa form. The universal form, with its thousands and thousands of heads and hands, is manifest just to draw the attention of those who have no love for God. It is not God's original form.
#$p#The universal form is not attractive for pure devotees, who are in love with the Lord in different transcendental relationships. The Supreme Godhead exchanges transcendental love in His original form of Kṛṣṇa. Therefore to Arjuna, who was so intimately related with Kṛṣṇa in friendship, this form of the universal manifestation was not pleasing; rather, it was fearful. Arjuna, who is a constant companion of Kṛṣṇa's, must have had transcendental eyes; he was not an ordinary man. Therefore he was not captivated by the universal form. This form may seem wonderful to persons who are involved in elevating themselves by fruitive activities, but to persons who are engaged in devotional service, the two-handed form of Kṛṣṇa is the most dear.
#/p#
#/div#
#/div# |
#div class="mw-parser-output"#
#h4##span class="mw-headline" id="TEXT_54"#TEXT 54#/span##/h4#
#div class="devanagari"#
#dl##dd#भक्त्या त्वनन्यया शक्य अहमेवंविधोऽर्जुन ।#/dd#
#dd#ज्ञातुं द्रष्टुं च तत्त्वेन प्रवेष्टुं च परन्तप ॥५४॥#/dd##/dl#
#/div#
#div class="verse"#
#dl##dd#bhaktyā tv ananyayā śakya#/dd#
#dd#aham evaṁ-vidho 'rjuna#/dd#
#dd#jñātuṁ draṣṭuṁ ca tattvena#/dd#
#dd#praveṣṭuṁ ca parantapa#/dd##/dl#
#/div#
#h4##span class="mw-headline" id="SYNONYMS"#SYNONYMS#/span##/h4#
#div class="synonyms"#
#p##i##a target="_blank" rel="nofollow noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=bhaktyā&tab=syno_o&ds=1"#bhaktyā#/i# — by devotional service; #i##a target="_blank" rel="nofollow noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=tu&tab=syno_o&ds=1"#tu#/i# — but; #i##a target="_blank" rel="nofollow noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=ananyayā&tab=syno_o&ds=1"#ananyayā#/i# — without being mixed with fruitive activities or speculative knowledge; #i##a target="_blank" rel="nofollow noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=śakyaḥ&tab=syno_o&ds=1"#śakyaḥ#/i# — possible; #i##a target="_blank" rel="nofollow noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=aham&tab=syno_o&ds=1"#aham#/i# — I; #i##a target="_blank" rel="nofollow noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=evam&tab=syno_o&ds=1"#evam-#a target="_blank" rel="nofollow noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=vidhaḥ&tab=syno_o&ds=1"#vidhaḥ#/i# — like this; #i##a target="_blank" rel="nofollow noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=arjuna&tab=syno_o&ds=1"#arjuna#/i# — O Arjuna; #i##a target="_blank" rel="nofollow noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=jñātum&tab=syno_o&ds=1"#jñātum#/i# — to know; #i##a target="_blank" rel="nofollow noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=draṣṭum&tab=syno_o&ds=1"#draṣṭum#/i# — to see; #i##a target="_blank" rel="nofollow noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=ca&tab=syno_o&ds=1"#ca#/i# — and; #i##a target="_blank" rel="nofollow noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=tattvena&tab=syno_o&ds=1"#tattvena#/i# — in fact; #i##a target="_blank" rel="nofollow noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=praveṣṭum&tab=syno_o&ds=1"#praveṣṭum#/i# — to enter into; #i##a target="_blank" rel="nofollow noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=ca&tab=syno_o&ds=1"#ca#/i# — also; #i##a target="_blank" rel="nofollow noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="//vanipedia.org/wiki/Special:VaniSearch?s=parantapa&tab=syno_o&ds=1"#parantapa#/i# — O subduer of the enemy.
#/p#
#/div#
#h4##span class="mw-headline" id="TRANSLATION"#TRANSLATION#/span##/h4#
#div class="translation"#
#p#My dear Arjuna, only by undivided devotional service can I be understood as I am, standing before you, and can thus be seen directly. Only in this way can you enter into the mysteries of My understanding.
#/p#
#/div#
#h4##span class="mw-headline" id="PURPORT"#PURPORT#/span##/h4#
#div class="purport"#
#p#Kṛṣṇa can be understood only by the process of undivided devotional service. He explicitly explains this in this verse so that unauthorized commentators, who try to understand #i#Bhagavad-gītā#/i# by the speculative process, will know that they are simply wasting their time. No one can understand Kṛṣṇa or how He came from parents in a four-handed form and at once changed Himself into a two-handed form. These things are very difficult to understand by study of the #i#Vedas#/i# or by philosophical speculation. Therefore it is clearly stated here that no one can see Him or enter into understanding of these matters. Those who, however, are very experienced students of Vedic literature can learn about Him from the Vedic literature in so many ways. There are so many rules and regulations, and if one at all wants to understand Kṛṣṇa, he must follow the regulative principles described in the authoritative literature. One can perform penance in accordance with those principles. For example, to undergo serious penances one may observe fasting on Janmāṣṭamī, the day on which Kṛṣṇa appeared, and on the two days of Ekādaśī (the eleventh day after the new moon and the eleventh day after the full moon). As far as charity is concerned, it is plain that charity should be given to the devotees of Kṛṣṇa who are engaged in His devotional service to spread the Kṛṣṇa philosophy, or Kṛṣṇa consciousness, throughout the world. Kṛṣṇa consciousness is a benediction to humanity. Lord Caitanya was appreciated by Rūpa Gosvāmī as the most munificent man of charity because love of Kṛṣṇa, which is very difficult to achieve, was distributed freely by Him. So if one gives some amount of his money to persons involved in distributing Kṛṣṇa consciousness, that charity, given to spread Kṛṣṇa consciousness, is the greatest charity in the world. And if one worships as prescribed in the temple (in the temples in India there is always some statue, usually of Viṣṇu or Kṛṣṇa), that is a chance to progress by offering worship and respect to the Supreme Personality of Godhead. For the beginners in devotional service to the Lord, temple worship is essential, and this is confirmed in the Vedic literature (#i##b#Śvetāśvatara Upaniṣad 6.23#/b##/i#):
#/p#
#dl##dd#yasya deve parā bhaktir#/dd#
#dd#yathā deve tathā gurau#/dd#
#dd#tasyaite kathitā hy arthāḥ#/dd#
#dd#prakāśante mahātmanaḥ#/dd#
#dd##i#(#/i##b#ŚU 6.23#/b##i#)#/i##/dd##/dl#
#p#One who has unflinching devotion for the Supreme Lord and is directed by the spiritual master, in whom he has similar unflinching faith, can see the Supreme Personality of Godhead by revelation. One cannot understand Kṛṣṇa by mental speculation. For one who does not take personal training under the guidance of a bona fide spiritual master, it is impossible to even begin to understand Kṛṣṇa. The word #i#tu#/i# is specifically used here to indicate that no other process can be used, can be recommended, or can be successful in understanding Kṛṣṇa.
#$p#The personal forms of Kṛṣṇa, the two-handed form and the four-handed, are completely different from the temporary universal form shown to Arjuna. The four-handed form of Nārāyaṇa and the two-handed form of Kṛṣṇa are eternal and transcendental, whereas the universal form exhibited to Arjuna is temporary. The very word #i#sudurdarśam#/i#, meaning "difficult to see," suggests that no one had seen that universal form. It also suggests that amongst the devotees there was no necessity of showing it. That form was exhibited by Kṛṣṇa at the request of Arjuna so that in the future, when one represents himself as an incarnation of God, people can ask to see his universal form.
#$p#The word #i#na#/i#, used repeatedly in the previous verse, indicates that one should not be very much proud of such credentials as an academic education in Vedic literature. One must take to the devotional service of Kṛṣṇa. Only then can one attempt to write commentaries on #i#Bhagavad-gītā#/i#.
#$p#Kṛṣṇa changes from the universal form to the four-handed form of Nārāyaṇa and then to His own natural form of two hands. This indicates that the four-handed forms and other forms mentioned in Vedic literature are all emanations of the original two-handed Kṛṣṇa. He is the origin of all emanations. Kṛṣṇa is distinct even from these forms, what to speak of the impersonal conception. As far as the four-handed forms of Kṛṣṇa are concerned, it is stated clearly that even the most identical four-handed form of Kṛṣṇa (which is known as Mahā-Viṣṇu, who is lying on the cosmic ocean and from whose breathing so many innumerable universes are passing out and entering) is also an expansion of the Supreme Lord. As stated in the #i##b#Brahma-saṁhitā#/b##/i# (5.48),
#/p#
#dl##dd#yasyaika-niśvasita-kālam athāvalambya#/dd#
#dd#jīvanti loma-vila-jā jagad-aṇḍa-nāthāḥ#/dd#
#dd#viṣṇur mahān sa iha yasya kalā-viśeṣo#/dd#
#dd#govindam ādi-puruṣaṁ tam ahaṁ bhajāmi#/dd##/dl#
#p#"The Mahā-Viṣṇu, into whom all the innumerable universes enter and from whom they come forth again simply by His breathing process, is a plenary expansion of Kṛṣṇa. Therefore I worship Govinda, Kṛṣṇa, the cause of all causes." Therefore one should conclusively worship the personal form of Kṛṣṇa as the Supreme Personality of Godhead who has eternal bliss and knowledge. He is the source of all forms of Viṣṇu, He is the source of all forms of incarnation, and He is the original Supreme Personality, as confirmed in #i#Bhagavad-gītā#/i#.
#$p#In the Vedic literature (#i##b#Gopāla-tāpanī Upaniṣad 1.1#/b##/i#) the following statement appears:
#/p#
#dl##dd#sac-cid-ānanda-rūpāya#/dd#
#dd#kṛṣṇāyākliṣṭa-kāriṇe#/dd#
#dd#namo vedānta-vedyāya#/dd#
#dd#gurave buddhi-sākṣiṇe#/dd##/dl#
#p#"I offer my respectful obeisances unto Kṛṣṇa, who has a transcendental form of bliss, eternity and knowledge. I offer my respect to Him, because understanding Him means understanding the #i#Vedas#/i# and He is therefore the supreme spiritual master." Then it is said, #i#kṛṣṇo vai paramaṁ daivatam:#/i# "Kṛṣṇa is the Supreme Personality of Godhead." (#i##b#Gopāla-tāpanī Upaniṣad 1.3#/b##/i#) #i#Eko vaśī sarva-gaḥ kṛṣṇa īḍyaḥ:#/i# "That one Kṛṣṇa is the Supreme Personality of Godhead, and He is worshipable." #i#Eko 'pi san bahudhā yo 'vabhāti:#/i# "Kṛṣṇa is one, but He is manifested in unlimited forms and expanded incarnations." (#i##b#Gopāla-tāpanī Upaniṣad 1.21#/b##/i#)
#$p#The #i##b#Brahma-saṁhitā#/b##/i# (5.1) says,
#/p#
#dl##dd#īśvaraḥ paramaḥ kṛṣṇaḥ#/dd#
#dd#sac-cid-ānanda-vigrahaḥ#/dd#
#dd#anādir ādir govindaḥ#/dd#
#dd#sarva-kāraṇa-kāraṇam#/dd##/dl#
#p#"The Supreme Personality of Godhead is Kṛṣṇa, who has a body of eternity, knowledge and bliss. He has no beginning, for He is the beginning of everything. He is the cause of all causes."
#$p#Elsewhere it is said, #i#yatrāvatīrṇaṁ kṛṣṇākhyaṁ paraṁ brahma narākṛti:#/i# "The Supreme Absolute Truth is a person, His name is Kṛṣṇa, and He sometimes descends on this earth." Similarly, in the #i#Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam#/i# we find a description of all kinds of incarnations of the Supreme Personality of Godhead, and in this list the name of Kṛṣṇa also appears. But then it is said that this Kṛṣṇa is not an incarnation of God but is the original Supreme Personality of Godhead Himself (ete cāṁśa-kalāḥ puṁsaḥ kṛṣṇas tu bhagavān svayam).
#$p#Similarly, in #i#Bhagavad-gītā#/i# the Lord says, mattaḥ parataraṁ nānyat: "There is nothing superior to My form as the Personality of Godhead Kṛṣṇa." He also says elsewhere in #i#Bhagavad-gītā#/i#, aham ādir hi devānām: "I am the origin of all the demigods." And after understanding #i#Bhagavad-gītā#/i# from Kṛṣṇa, Arjuna also confirms this in the following words: paraṁ brahma paraṁ dhāma pavitram-paramaṁ bhavān, "I now fully understand that You are the Supreme Personality of Godhead, the Absolute Truth, and that You are the refuge of everything." Therefore the universal form which Kṛṣṇa showed to Arjuna is not the original form of God. The original is the Kṛṣṇa form. The universal form, with its thousands and thousands of heads and hands, is manifest just to draw the attention of those who have no love for God. It is not God's original form.
#$p#The universal form is not attractive for pure devotees, who are in love with the Lord in different transcendental relationships. The Supreme Godhead exchanges transcendental love in His original form of Kṛṣṇa. Therefore to Arjuna, who was so intimately related with Kṛṣṇa in friendship, this form of the universal manifestation was not pleasing; rather, it was fearful. Arjuna, who was a constant companion of Kṛṣṇa's, must have had transcendental eyes; he was not an ordinary man. Therefore he was not captivated by the universal form. This form may seem wonderful to persons who are involved in elevating themselves by fruitive activities, but to persons who are engaged in devotional service the two-handed form of Kṛṣṇa is the most dear.
#/p#
#/div#
#/div# |
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